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Allergy

An “allergic reaction” is the way your body responds to the allergen. A chain of events occur that result in an allergic reaction.
If you are prone to allergies, the first time you’re exposed to a specific allergen (such as pollen), your body responds by producing allergic (IgE) antibodies. The job of these antibodies is to find the allergens and help remove them from your system. As a result, a chemical called histamine is released and causes symptoms of allergies.
You can be allergic to a wide variety of substances – including pollen, animal dander, mold and dust mites.
Pollen
Seasonal allergic rhinitis, or hay fever, is an allergic response to pollen. It causes inflammation and swelling of the lining of your nose and of the protective tissue of your eyes (conjunctiva).
Symptoms include sneezing, congestion (feeling stuffy), and itchy, watery eyes, nose and mouth. Treatment options include over-the-counter and prescription oral antihistamines, anti-leukotrienes, nasal steroids, nasal antihistamines, and nasal cromolyn. In some people, allergic asthma symptoms (wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing, and/ or chest tightness) can be caused by exposure to pollen.
Your symptoms can be reduced by avoiding pollen. Stay indoors when pollen counts are high, close your windows, and use air conditioning. Ask your healthcare provider about immunotherapy (“allergy shots”) to treat pollen allergy.
Dust mites
Dust mites are tiny organisms that live in dust and in the fibers of household objects, such as pillows, mattresses, carpet, and upholstery. Dust mites grow in warm, humid areas.
The symptoms of dust mite allergy are similar to those of pollen allergy. To help manage dust mite allergies, try using dust mite encasements (airtight plastic/polyurethane covers) over pillows, mattresses, and box springs. Also, remove carpet, or vacuum frequently with a high-efficiency filter vacuum cleaner. Treatment may include medications to control your nasal/eye and chest symptoms. Immunotherapy may be recommended if your symptoms are not adequately controlled with avoidance methods and medications.
Molds
Molds are tiny fungi (like Penicillium) with spores that float in the air like pollen. Mold is a common trigger for allergies. Mold can be found indoors in damp areas, such as the basement, kitchen, or bathroom, as well as outdoors in grass, leaf piles, hay, mulch or under mushrooms. Mold spores reach a peak during hot, humid weather.
Treatment may include medications to control your nasal/eye and chest symptoms. Immunotherapy may be recommended if your symptoms are not adequately controlled with avoidance and medications.
Animal dander
Allergic reactions can be caused by the proteins secreted by sweat glands in an animal’s skin, which are shed in dander, and by the proteins in an animal’s saliva. Avoidance measures don’t work as well as simply removing the pet from your home. However, because many people are reluctant to do this, second-best measures include keeping your pet out of your bedroom, using air cleaners with HEPA filtration and washing your pet (cat or dog) frequently.
Treatment may include medications to control your nasal/eye and chest symptoms. Immunotherapy may be recommended if your symptoms are not adequately controlled with avoidance methods and medications.
Latex
Some people develop a latex allergy after repeated contact with latex. Rubber gloves, such as those used in surgery or home cleaning, are a major source for causing this type of reaction. Skin rash, hives, eye tearing and irritation, wheezing and itching of the skin may occur if you have a latex allergy.
Allergic reactions to latex can be mild, such as skin redness and itching. More severe reactions can occur if your mucosal membranes are exposed, such as during an operation or a dental or gynecologic exam.
Treatment of latex reactions begins by removing the offending latex product. If you have latex allergy, it is important for you to wear a Medic Alert® bracelet and carry an emergency epinephrine kit. All procedures should be carried out in a “latex-safe” fashion. There is no cure for latex allergy, so the best treatment for this condition is prevention and avoidance.
Certain foods
Food allergies develop when your body develops a specific antibody to a specific food. An allergic reaction occurs within minutes of eating the food, and symptoms can be severe. In adults, the most common food allergies are shellfish, peanuts and tree nuts. In children, they include milk, egg, soy, wheat, shellfish, peanuts and tree nuts.
If you have a food allergy, your symptoms include itching, hives, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, breathing difficulties and swelling around your mouth.
It is extremely important to avoid the foods that cause allergy symptoms. If you (or your child) have a food allergy, your doctor may prescribe injectable epinephrine (adrenaline) for you to carry at all times. This is needed in case you accidentally eat foods that cause allergies. There are new therapies for peanut allergies called oral immunotherapy.
Insect venom (stings)
If you get a bee sting, a normal symptom includes pain, swelling and redness around the sting site. A large, local reaction includes swelling that extends beyond the sting site. For example, if you are stung on the ankle, you may see swelling in your leg.
The most serious reaction to an insect sting is an allergic one, which needs immediate medical attention. Symptoms of an allergic reaction to an insect sting include:
– Difficulty breathing.
– Generalized (widespread) hives that appear as a red, itchy rash that spreads to areas other than the area that was stung.
– Swelling of your face, throat or mouth tissue.
– Wheezing or difficulty swallowing.
– Restlessness and anxiety.
– Rapid pulse.
– Dizziness or a sharp drop in your blood pressure.
If you have a reaction like this, a re-sting can cause a serious reaction that can be life-threatening.
An allergic reaction is treated with epinephrine (adrenaline). If you’ve had an allergic reaction to bee stings, see a board-certified allergy/immunologist to get a skin and/or blood test to confirm your allergy to bee venom. Venom immunotherapy is  recommended if venom allergy is confirmed. This will help reduce the possibility that a re-sting will cause a serious reaction.
Symptoms of allergy
Allergy symptoms are classified as mild, moderate or severe:
Mild reactions include local symptoms (affecting a specific area of your body) such as a rash or hives, itchiness, watery/red eyes, hay fever and runny nose. Mild reactions do not spread to other parts of your body.
Moderate reactions include symptoms that spread to other parts of your body. Symptoms may include itchiness, hives, and/or swelling and trouble breathing.
A severe allergic reaction, known as anaphylaxis, is a rare, life-threatening emergency in which your body’s response to the allergen is sudden and affects the whole body. Anaphylaxis may begin with severe itching of your eyes or face. Within minutes, more serious symptoms appear, including throat swelling (which could cause problems with swallowing and breathing), abdominal pain, cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, hives and swelling (angioedema). You may also have mental confusion or dizziness, since anaphylaxis may cause a drop in blood pressure.
Natural ways of treating Allergies 
Honey
Although there’s no scientific evidence to prove it, a popular theory suggests eating locally produced honey. According to the theory, you will lower your allergic reaction over time to the pollen that the bees collect in your area to make their honey.
Vitamin C
Practitioners of natural medication suggest taking 2,000 milligrams of vitamin C daily to reduce histamine levels.
Peppermint essential oil
A 1998 study showed that peppermint oil treatment had enough anti-inflammatory effects that reduced the symptoms of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis to warrant clinical trials. Essential oils can be diffused into the air but should be diluted in a carrier oil if applied topically.
Eucalyptus essential oil
Advocates of natural healing suggest using eucalyptus oil as an antimicrobial agent by adding it to each load of wash during allergy season.
Frankincense essential oil
Based on the results of a 2016 study, frankincense oil may help against perennial allergic rhinitis. You can dilute it in a carrier oil and use behind your ears or use inhalation by diffusing it into the air.
Written by: Samuel Sobiye
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Gingivitis

Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums (gingiva) surrounding the teeth. Gingivitis affects a significant portion of the population and is the most common form of periodontal diseases (diseases of the tissues surrounding the teeth). Chronic gingivitis may lead to receding gums and can be a precursor of periodontitis. Gingivitis is a bacterial infection of the gums.
For gingivitis to develop, plaque must accumulate in the areas between the teeth. This plaque contains large numbers of bacteria thought to be responsible for gingivitis. But it is not simply plaque that causes gingivitis. Almost everyone has plaque on their teeth, but gingivitis is far less common.
In certain instances, an individual may have an underlying illness or condition that renders their immune system susceptible to gingivitis. For example, people with diabetes and other immune system diseases (such as HIV) have a weaker ability to fight bacteria invading the gums. People who smoke, chew tobacco, or have a substance abuse problem are also predisposed to develop gingivitis.
Overconsumption of alcohol can lead to gingivitis.
Sometimes hormonal changes in the body during pregnancy, puberty, and steroid therapy leave the gums vulnerable to bacterial infection.
Local factors, such as crowded teeth and poor fitting or altered tooth anatomy due to dental work increase an individual’s susceptibility to gingivitis.
A number of medications used for seizures, high blood pressure, and organ transplants have been shown to cause an enlargement of the gingiva.
How Do You Treat Gingivitis?
For simple gingivitis, work with a dentist. A concerted effort involving good home dental hygiene, including regular and correct brushing and flossing, and regular dental visits should be all that is required to treat and prevent gingivitis. Gingivitis can usually be managed at home with good dental hygiene.
If gingivitis continues despite the effort to prevent it, contact a doctor to investigate the possibility of an underlying illness. If there are other conditions that seem to be coinciding with the signs and symptoms of gingivitis, seek medical attention. For example, chronic gingivitis and periodontitis are felt by medical scientists to be risk factors for the development of rheumatoid arthritis.
A complication of gingivitis is a so-called desquamative condition of the gums, in which ulcers, blistering, and sloughing affect the gums. This can be a sign of lichen planus, mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), and pemphigus vulgaris. These conditions often require a consultation and usually a biopsy from a periodontist or oral pathologist.
What is gum disease (gingivitis)?
Gingivitis, the earliest stage of gum disease, is inflammation of the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth and is most commonly a result of poor dental hygiene. Gingivitis is a very common condition and varies widely in severity. It is characterized by red, swollen gums that bleed easily when teeth are brushed or flossed. Gingivitis is not the same thing as periodontitis. Gingivitis always precedes and acts as a warning sign for the more serious condition of periodontitis.
Gingivitis starts when food debris mixes with saliva and bacteria which, in turn, forms dental plaque that sticks to the surfaces of teeth. If dental plaque isn’t removed by brushing with toothpaste and flossing, it can become mineralized and form tartar, or calculus. Tartar is very hard, and only a professional dental cleaning can remove it.
Both dental plaque and tartar are filled with harmful bacteria, and if they aren’t removed from teeth, they will begin to irritate the gums and cause gingivitis. If left untreated, gingivitis will often extend from the gums to the bone and lead to periodontitis.
Gums that bleed easily during flossing or brushing is a sign of gum disease (gingivitis).
What is the difference between gingivitis and periodontitis?
While gingivitis is inflammation of the gums around the teeth, periodontitis occurs when the bone below the gums gets inflamed or infected. Periodontitis derives from the word periodontal, which means “around the tooth” and refers to the structures that surround and support teeth such as gum and bone. Periodontology is the study of the supporting structures of the teeth.
When the underlying bone gets infected, the gums will start to recede away from the teeth and form deep gum pockets. This is called attachment loss. These pockets readily collect plaque and bacteria. Because these pockets are very difficult to keep clean, more bone loss occurs. As periodontal disease progresses into later stages (early, moderate, and advanced) and more bone tissue is lost, the gum pockets are deeper and the teeth may eventually become loose and fall out.
What causes gum disease?
Improper oral hygiene that allows bacteria in plaque and calculus to remain on the teeth and infect the gums is the primary cause of gum disease. But there are other factors that increase the risk of developing gingivitis. Here are some of the most common risk factors:
– Smoking or chewing tobacco prevents the gum tissue from being able to heal.
– Crooked, rotated, or overlapping teeth create more areas for plaque and calculus to accumulate and are harder to keep clean.
– Hormonal changes in puberty, pregnancy, and menopause typically correlate with a rise in gingivitis. The increase in hormones causes the blood vessels in the gums to be more susceptible to bacterial and chemical attack. At puberty, the prevalence of gingivitis ranges between 70%-90%.
– Cancer and cancer treatment can make a person more susceptible to infection and increase the risk of gum disease.
– Alcohol negatively affects oral defense mechanisms.
– Stress impairs the body’s immune response to bacterial invasion.
– Mouth breathing can be harsh on the gums when they aren’t protected by the lips, causing chronic irritation and inflammation.
– Poor nutrition, such as a diet high in sugar and carbohydrates and low in water intake, will increase the formation of plaque. Also, a deficiency of important nutrients such as vitamin C will impair healing.
– Diabetes mellitus impairs circulation and the gums ability to heal.
– Medications such as antiseizure medications increase the risk for gum disease.
– Infrequent or no dental care
– Poor saliva production
Treatment of Gingivitis
Removing the source of the infection is primarily how simple gingivitis is treated. Home treatment is key. Ultimately, these home remedies can lead to a cure for gingivitis.
– By tooth brushing regularly with a soft-bristled or electric toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste approved by dentists, plaque buildup can be kept to a minimum. – The presence of triclosan combined with fluoride has proven to significantly reduce the formation of plaque on the teeth.
– Flossing once per day is another means of removing plaque in between teeth and other areas hard to reach.
– Regular checkups with a dentist are also important. A dentist is able to remove plaque and calculus (hardened plaque) that is too dense to be removed by a toothbrush or dental floss.
– Once a dentist removes plaque, regular brushing and flossing will minimize plaque formation. Even with good dental hygiene, plaque will begin to accumulate again.
– Correct dental defects, such as over contoured or poorly fitting fillings, crowns, and other restorations.
– Avoid smoking.
– Limit sugar consumption.
– Drink plenty of water.
Severe gingivitis may require antibiotics like azithromycin and consultation with a physician. Antibiotics are medications used to help the body’s immune system fight bacterial infection and have been shown to reduce plaque. By reducing plaque, bacteria can be kept to a level manageable by the human immune system. Taking antibiotics is not without risks and should only be done after consultation with a dentist or doctor.
Some studies have shown brushing with a solution made of baking soda and peroxide will reduce the bacteria that cause gingivitis.
Mouthwashes that contain essential oils have shown the ability to reduce plaque formation and treat gingivitis when used in conjunction with professional cleanings and daily brushing. Specific ingredients include thymol, eucalyptol, methyl salicylate, and menthol.
Oil pulling is the practice of  swishing fractionated coconut oil for 20-30 minutes, then spitting it out and brushing your teeth. This will reduce inflammation and bacterial contamination of your gums.
Some have used the main ingredient in aspirin, salicylic acid, to fight gum disease; but this should be avoided as it often can lead to burns on the gums.
Written by: Ebere Chienjine
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Beet Soup (Borscht)

This Ukrainian borscht soup is a traditional beet soup that is enjoyed by locals all over Eastern Europe (and many in rest of the world too!). Made with red beets and plenty of vegetables, this vegan soup is nutritious, flavorful, and delicious. It’s so easy to make in one pot on the stove with minimal prep work involved — and even easier in an Instant Pot. Plus, beet soup is easy to make ahead and freezes really well so you can meal prep lunches and dinners for days or months to come.
  • 4 medium beets, cut into 1-inch cubes
  • 3 cups purple cabbage, chopped
  • 2 medium carrots, shredded
  • 1 medium onion, finely chopped
  • 1 (16 ounce) can diced tomatoes
  • 4 cups vegetable broth (or beef broth)
  • 1 tablespoon fresh parsley, finely chopped
  • ½ teaspoon salt (or to taste)
  • ¼ teaspoon ground black pepper (or to taste)
  • sour cream (optional, for serving)

DIRECTIONS

  1. In a large stockpot, add beets, purple cabbage, carrots, onion, diced tomatoes, and broth. Mix well and bring it to a boil over medium-high heat, about 5-6 minutes.
  2. Cover the lid and simmer over low heat until the beets are tender, about 30- 35 minutes.
  3. Stir in parsley and season with salt and pepper to taste.
  4. Serve warm with a dollop of sour cream on top and a sprinkle of chopped parsley, if desired.

Instant Pot instructions:

  1. Add beets, purple cabbage, carrots, onion, diced tomatoes, and broth into the instant pot and mix well to combine.
  2. Seal the lid and turn the steam release knob to SEAL position. Pressure cook for 15-20 minutes until tender. Once the time is up, quick release the remaining pressure by turning the steam release valve to the venting position.
  3. Stir in parsley and season with salt and pepper to taste. Serve warm.

 

Reference: Ahead of Thyme

Written by: Omojo Emeje

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Pasta Bake With Sausage

Pasta bake with sausage (baked ziti) is basically a lazy day lasagna with layers of pasta tossed in a rich tomato meat sauce packed with Italian sausage, layered with lots of gooey golden mozzarella cheese, and baked to perfection. It’s an easy and delicious casserole dinner to make any day of the week. Plus, you can even make it ahead and freeze for another day.

INGREDIENTS

1 lb. (454 grams) penne pasta

2 tablespoons olive oil

1 lb. Italian sausage

1 cup onion, finely chopped

1 tablespoon garlic, minced

4 cups tomato sauce

1 tablespoon Italian seasoning

1 cup Parmesan cheese, freshly grated, divided

¼ cup fresh parsley, finely chopped

¼ cup fresh basil, chopped

1 teaspoon salt (or to taste)

½ teaspoon ground black pepper (or to taste)

3 cups fresh mozzarella cheese, shredded

DIRECTIONS

– Preheat oven to 375F.

– Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil over medium-high heat. Add pasta and cook until al dente (fully cooked but still firm), about 8-10 minutes, or according to package directions. Drain well and set aside.

– Meanwhile, heat olive oil in a large pot (or 4 qt. Dutch oven) for 2 minutes over medium-high heat until the hot oil sizzles. Add sausage and stir to cook until browned, about 5-7 minutes. Use a spatula to break the sausages into small pieces.

– Add onions and garlic and sauté until soft and tender, about 2-3 minutes. Stir to combine.

– Pour in tomato sauce, turn the heat down to medium, and bring the meat sauce to a simmer, stirring occasionally. Stir in Italian seasoning, ½ cup Parmesan cheese, parsley and basil. Season with salt and pepper.

– Transfer the cooked and drained pasta into the sauce and toss well to mix evenly.

– Spread half of the pasta into a 9×13 casserole pan and top with half of mozzarella cheese (1.5 cups). Add the remaining pasta and sprinkle the remaining mozzarella and Parmesan cheese evenly on top.

– Bake the pasta for 25 minutes until the melted cheese is golden brown. Let cool for 15 minutes, then serve.

NUTRITION FACTS
Serves 8
Serving Size: 1 serving
Calories Per Serving: 433
Total Fat – 12g -15%
Cholesterol – 25.6mg – 9%
Sodium – 897.6mg – 39%
Total Carbohydrate-  53.6g – 20%
Sugars – 7.5g
Protein – 28.6g – 57%
Vitamin A –136.1µg – 15%
Vitamin C – 13.6mg – 15%

 

Reference: Ahead of Thyme

Written by: Omojo Emeje

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Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), or sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are infections that are passed from one person to another through sexual contact. The contact is usually vaginal, oral, or anal sex. But sometimes they can spread through other intimate physical contact. This is because some STDs, like herpes and HPV, are spread by skin-to-skin contact.
Causes of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
STDs can be caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
Types of STDs
Some common types of STDs include:
 – Chlamydia
It is caused by bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis. It can infect both men and women. Women can get chlamydia in the cervix, rectum, or throat. Men can get chlamydia in the urethra (inside the penis), rectum, or throat.
 How do you get chlamydia?
You can get chlamydia during oral, vaginal, or anal sex with someone who has the infection. A woman can also pass chlamydia to her baby during childbirth. Chlamydia is more common in young people, especially young women.
What are the symptoms of chlamydia?
Symptoms in women include:
• Abnormal vaginal discharge, which may have a strong smell
• A burning sensation when urinating
• Pain during intercourse
People at higher risk should get checked for chlamydia every year:
• Sexually active women 25 and younger
• Older women who have new or multiple sex partners, or a sex partner who has a sexually transmitted disease
• Men who have sex with men (MSM)
What other problems can chlamydia cause?
In women, an untreated infection can spread to your uterus and fallopian tubes, causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID can cause permanent damage to your reproductive system. This can lead to long-term pelvic pain, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. Women who have had chlamydia infections more than once are at higher risk of serious reproductive health complications.
Babies born to infected mothers can get eye infections and pneumonia from chlamydia. It may also make it more likely for your baby to be born too early.
Untreated chlamydia may also increase your chances of getting or giving HIV/AIDS
– Genital herpes
Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a herpes simplex virus (HSV). It can cause sores on your genital or rectal area, buttocks, and thighs. The virus can spread even when sores are not present. Mothers can also infect their babies during childbirth.
Symptoms of herpes are called outbreaks. You usually get sores near the area where the virus has entered the body. The sores are blisters which break and become painful, and then heal. virus can be more serious in newborn babies or in people with weak immune systems. Repeat outbreaks are common, especially during the first year. Over time, you get them less often and the symptoms become milder. The virus stays in your body for life.
Correct usage of latex condoms can reduce, but not eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading herpes. If your or your partner is allergic to latex, you can use polyurethane condoms. The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have anal, vaginal, or oral sex.
 – Gonorrhea
The bacteria that cause gonorrhea can infect the genital tract, mouth, or anus. You can get gonorrhea during vaginal, oral, or anal sex with an infected partner. A pregnant woman can pass it to her baby during childbirth.
In women, the early symptoms of gonorrhea often are mild. Later, it can cause bleeding between periods, pain when urinating, and increased discharge from the vagina. If untreated, it can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, which causes problems with pregnancy and infertility.
In men, gonorrhea can cause pain when urinating and discharge from the penis. If untreated, it can cause problems with the prostate and testicles.
 – HPV
They can also spread through other intimate, skin-to-skin contact. Some of these types can cause cancer.
There are two categories of sexually transmitted HPV. Low-risk HPV can cause warts on or around your genitals, anus, mouth, or throat. High-risk HPV can cause various cancers: Cervical cancer, anal cancer, some types of oral and throat cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, penile cancer.
Others
– Syphilis
– Trichomoniasis
– HIV/AIDS
What are the treatments for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?
Antibiotics can treat STDs caused by bacteria or parasites. There is no cure for STDs caused by viruses, but medicines can often help with the symptoms and lower your risk of spreading the infection.
Can sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) be prevented?
Women can try to keep themselves STDs free in several ways:
• Avoid exposure to infected bodily fluids. This may mean abstaining from sex or avoiding transfer of bodily fluids in other ways like using barrier devices like condoms, or not sharing needles. Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading STDs.
• Another option is mutual monogamy between people who have no prior sexual experience or who are STD free. Although this arrangement does not eliminate all risks, it can significantly limit exposure to STDs/Is.
• Vaccines:There are vaccines to prevent HPV and hepatitis B.
The most reliable way to avoid infection is abstinence for single persons.


Written by: Chinonye Machie
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Uterine Fibroid

Fibroids are tumors made of smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue. They develop in the uterus. It is estimated that 70 to 80 percent of women will develop fibroids in their lifetime, however, not everyone will develop symptoms or require treatment.

Uterine fibroids are the most common tumor of the reproductive tract.
Women who are nearing menopause are at the greatest risk for fibroids. Fibroids are most often found during a routine pelvic exam.

Types of Fibroids

Along with the size and number of fibroids, the type can also affect treatment recommendations. The three main types of fibroids include:

? Subserosal fibroids: These are the most common fibroids. They can push outside of the uterus into the pelvis. Subserosal fibroids can grow large at times and sometimes have a stalk that attaches to the uterus (pedunculated fibroid).

? Intramural fibroids : These fibroids develop in the muscular wall of the uterus.

? Submucosal fibroids: These fibroids are uncommon. They can grow into the open space inside the uterus and may also include a stalk.

?There are several risk factors that can play a role in your chances of developing fibroid .

? Obesity.
? Family history.
? Not having children.
? Early onset of menstruation.
? Late age of menopause.

Symptoms of uterine fibroids
Most women with fibroids will experience no symptoms at all. However, large or numerous fibroids can cause the following symptoms:

?Heavy or prolonged periods.

?Bleeding between periods.

?Pelvic pain and pressure

?Frequent urination

?Low back pain

?Pain during intercourse

?Difficulty getting pregnant

Uterine fibroids diagnoses

Fibroids are most often found during a physical exam. Your health care provider may feel a firm, irregular (often painless) lump during an abdominal or pelvic exam.

Scans can confirm a diagnosis. These tests are the two main options:

Ultrasound : Ultrasound is the most commonly used scan for fibroids. It uses sound waves to diagnose fibroids and involves frequencies (pitch) much higher than what you can hear. A doctor or technician places an ultrasound probe on the abdomen or inside the vagina to help scan the uterus and ovaries. It is quick, simple and generally accurate. However, it relies on the experience and skill of the doctor or technician to produce good results. Other tests such as MRI may be better for other conditions, such as adenomyosis.

MRI : magnetic resonance imaging uses magnets and radio waves to produce images. It allows your provider to gain a road map of the size, number and location of the fibroids. We can also distinguish between fibroids and adenomyosis, which sometimes gets misdiagnosed. We use MRI to confirm a diagnosis and help determine which treatments are best for you. MRI may also provide a better option for related conditions such as adenomyosis.

Other tests include :

– Ultrasonography
– Computed tomography
– Laparoscopy

Medications

At present, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHa) are mainly used the size reduction or shrinking of fibroid.

Antifibrinolytics agents (tranexamic acid) Used only during the menstrual cycle, tranexamic acid has been associated with up to a 50% decrease in bleeding in women with menorrhagia.

Nsaids to reduce pain

Surgery

Complications of uterine fibroids

It is uncommon for fibroids to cause severe health consequences. However, women can have heavy bleeding that can lead to dangerous anemia, or lack of red blood cells. Rarely, large fibroids can press on the bladder and the channel (ureter) that sends urine there from the kidney. This pressure can lead to kidney damage. Other complications include infertility and repeated pregnancy loss.

In conclusion : Uterine fibroids are a common concern for women in fertile age . It can cause multiple bleeding and pain symptoms which might have a negative impact on women’s life , influencing there sexual , social and work life.

 

Written by: Samuel Sobiye.

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Birth Control

Anticonception, and fertility control, is a method or device used to prevent pregnancy. Birth control has been used since ancient times. There are many different methods of birth control including condoms, IUDs, birth control pills, the rhythm method, vasectomy, and tubal ligation.

Women can choose from many different types of birth control. Some work better than others at preventing pregnancy.

The type of birth control you use depends on your health, your desire to have children now or in the future, and your need to prevent sexually transmitted infections

Benefits of Birth control

– It regulates menstrual cycle.

Hormonal birth control methods may balance the hormonal fluctuations that happen throughout your cycle. This can help with a variety of menstrual issues, including irregular or heavy bleeding. It can even help with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) symptoms, including acne and excess hair.

While the various birth control methods work differently, most can make periods lighter and more consistent in their timing.

– Help With menstrual Cramps, and make periods less painful.

About 31 percent of women who use birth control pills cite menstrual pain as one of the reasons they continue to take them. Hormonal birth control prevents ovulation. When you don’t ovulate, your uterus doesn’t experience the painful contractions that cause cramps during ovulation.

If you have painful periods, hormonal birth control may also provide some relief for pain during menstruation.

– Relieve Endometriosis Symptoms.

Endometriosis is a painful condition that happens when the tissue lining your uterus, called the endometrium, grows in places other than inside your uterus. This tissue bleeds during your period, no matter where it’s located. When the tissue bleeds in places where blood can’t easily get out of your body, it causes pain and inflammation.

Hormonal birth control methods help because they allow you to skip periods. Continuous birth control pills and IUDs are usually good options for managing endometriosis.

– Lowers the risk of uterine cancer.

Hormonal birth control also has some long-term benefits. Women who take combination birth control pills are 50 percent less likely to get uterine cancer. These effects can last for up to 20 years after you stop taking the pill.

It can also reduce your risk of ovarian cancer.

– It reduces ovarian cysts

Ovarian cysts are small, fluid-filled sacs that form in your ovaries during ovulation. They aren’t dangerous, but they’re sometimes painful. Women with PCOS often have a large number of small cysts in their ovaries. By preventing ovulation, hormonal birth control can prevent these cysts from forming. They may also stop former cysts from regrowing.

– It can banish hormonal acne

Hormonal fluctuations are often major acne triggers. That’s why acne is usually at its worst during adolescence. By minimizing these fluctuations, hormonal birth control can help to tame hormonal acne.

Birth control pills that contain both estrogen and progesterone (known as combination pills) are the most effective acne fighters.

– It can help with menstrual migraine.

A migraine is an intense type of headache that affects almost 30 million Americans — 75 percent of those being women. This is partly because hormonal changes are a major trigger for migraines in some people.

Experts think menstrual migraines are linked to a drop in estrogen and progesterone just before your period starts. Hormonal birth control methods that allow you to skip your period, such as a continuous pill, implant, or IUD, can help to avoid this drop.

Birth control pill side effects may include:

Headaches

Breast tenderness

Nausea (sometimes with vomiting)

Bleeding between periods

Depression

Changes in libido (sexual desire).

 

Source: Verywellhealth

Written by: Sarah Amah.

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Dysmenorrhea

is the medical term for pain with your period (menstruation)or menstrual cramps.

There are two types of dysmenorrhea: primary and secondary

?Primary Dysmenorrhea is the name for common menstrual cramps that come back over and over again,and are not due to other diseases.pain usually begins some days before period, or when bleeding actual starts.you may feel pain ranging from mild to servers in the lower abdomen, back or thighs.
Pain can typically last 12/72 hours and you might have other symptoms like nausea, vomiting, fatigue and diarrhea.

?Secondary Dysmenorrhea: if you have painful period because of a disorder or an infection in your female reproductive organs,this is called secondary dysmenorrhea. pain from secondary dysmenorrhea usually begins earlier in the menstrual cycle and last longer than common mental cramps.

WHAT CAUSES PAINFUL MENSTRUAL CRAMPS

Menstrual cramps happen when a chemical called prostaglandin makes the uterus contract(tighten up)the uterus,the muscular organ where a baby grows,contract throughout your menstrual cycle.during menstuation, the uterus contract more strongly,it press against nearly blood vessels,cutting off the supply of oxygen to muscle tissue.you feel pain when part of the muscle briefly losses its supply of oxygen.

HOW CAN YOU RELIEVE DYSMENORRHEA

?Rest well
?Avoid foods that contains caffeine
?Avoid smoking and drinking of alcohol
?Massage your lower back and abdomen
?Exercise regularly
?Oral intake of non steroid ant inflammatory drugs
?Oral contraceptives
?Yoga
?Acupuncture
?Eating healthy

Menstruation is normal.you might get cramps, but you don’t have to suffer silently with them. Feel free to talk to a healthcare provider about painful period.

 

Written by: Josephine Wuraola

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High Blood Pressure in Nigeria: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Over 20 million people are suffering from high blood pressure across Nigeria. According to research, this number is calculated as 30.7%  among men and 25.2% among women.

So, what is exactly is high blood pressure? If you ask the average Nigerian, the first answer that comes to mind is a stroke. While this is erroneous, it is not entirely false. Stroke is a byproduct of high blood pressure – but it is NOT high blood pressure.

To break it down, let us first describe what blood pressure is. Blood pressure can be defined as the amount of force or pressure that your blood puts on the walls of your arteries (blood vessels) as it flows through.

With that mind, high blood pressure (also called hypertension) means when your blood pressure is consistently too high. This can pose a lot of health threats such as heart failure, vision loss, stroke, kidney disease, and even death.

Causes of high blood pressure

There is a muscle and its main function is to pump blood around the body. The heart pumps blood with low oxygen into the lungs which replenish its supply. The heart then pumps blood high in oxygen to other parts of the body to supply the muscles and cells.

All this blood pumping that the heart does creates pressure. If the blood pressure is high, the walls of the arteries will constantly be under too much force.

We can categorize the causes of high blood pressure into two distinct parts:

  1. Essential high blood pressure: This hypertension has no established cause.
  2. Secondary high blood pressure: Another health issue can be attributed to the cause of this type of high blood pressure.

Although essential high blood pressure has no identifiable cause, there are several scientific evidence that links specific factors to the risk of developing hypertension. These include:

  • Age
  • Family history (hereditary)
  • Ethnic background
  • Obesity and being overweight
  • Lack of physical exercise or activity
  • Smoking
  • Alcohol intake
  • Poor diet and high cholesterol
  • Mental stress
  • Diabetes
  • Pregnancy

Everything listed above has been linked to causing high blood pressure. If you are unsure of how any of these applies to you, then you should speak to a doctor today.

Symptoms of high blood pressure in Nigeria

There are several symptoms that give away the clue whether you have high blood pressure or not.

Most times, these symptoms can go unnoticed until it is too late. Hypertension or high blood pressure has been termed “the silent killer” for this very reason.

However, once the blood pressure has increased up to about 180/120 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), then it has become a hypertensive crisis. At that stage, it is already a medical emergency.

Symptoms at this stage would include any (or all) of the following:

  • Headaches
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Dizziness
  • Blurred or double vision
  • Nosebleeds
  • Heart palpitations
  • Breathlessness

If you, or anybody close to you, have some or all of these symptoms – you need to speak to a doctor immediately.

In addition, it is best practice for people who have been diagnosed with high blood pressure to check their blood pressure frequently.

Treatment: How to manage high blood pressure in Nigeria

When it comes to treating high blood pressure, there are several factors that need to be considered. Some of these factors include the severity of the condition and any risks that could be linked to developing a stroke or other cardiovascular diseases.

A doctor will recommend various treatment depending on the blood pressure. For example, your doctor could recommend lifestyle changes if your blood pressure is just slightly elevated and you have a lower risk of developing any cardiovascular disease.

Conversely, if your blood pressure is moderately high, your doctor will probably recommend medication and certain lifestyle changes. A moderate high blood pressure means your chances of developing a cardiovascular disease will be above 20% within the next 10 years.

On the other hand, if your blood pressure levels have reached 180/120 mm Hg or above, then the situation is more critical. As mentioned earlier, this is referred to as a hypertensive crisis. When this is the case, your doctor will most likely ensure there is an immediate change to the type or dosage of medication that you are currently using.

Described below is an overview of treatment options available for high blood pressure:

Self-care

  • Physical exercise
  • Stress management
  • Quitting smoking
  • Home blood pressure monitors
  • Low-sodium diet

Medications

  • ACE inhibitor
  • Diuretic
  • Beta-blocker
  • Antihypertensive drug
  • Calcium channel blocker
  • Vasodilator

Conclusion

High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is a health problem that affects millions of Nigerians. While it rarely shows any symptoms, it can lead to very severe health complications such as stroke and heart disease. It could even result in death in some extreme cases.

While some underlying conditions can cause high blood pressure, the exact cause in most people is unknown. Some factors that science has proven to cause high blood pressure include age, race, lifestyle, family history, pregnancy, stress, smoking, and alcohol use.

Medications can be used for extreme cases, but for most people, a healthy lifestyle and balanced diet could be they need to keep high blood pressure under control. Do you have questions about this article? Please drop your comments below and we will answer it.

Reference: Health Connection 247

Written by: Omojo Emeje

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14 Healthy Treats For Valentine’s Day!

Valentine’s Day is all about spoiling your loved ones (and yourself!) with special indulgences that honor your relationship and demonstrate your devotion. But that doesn’t have to mean loading up their plates with cloyingly sweet desserts that will overwhelm their taste buds, clog their arteries, and tighten their pants. Instead, serve a lightened-up version of dessert that still tastes every bit as indulgent… without the regret.

These healthy Valentine treats are packed with flavor, conceal hidden nutrition, and make stunning presentations from breakfast and brunch clear through to dessert. Think smoothies, frozen treats, meringues, bars, cookies, and more. These recipes include berries, beets, melons — and even edible flowers — lending colorful and distinctive visual appeal just right for the holiday.

Watermelon and Berry Dessert Pizza

This fruity “pizza” makes a sweet treat that’s as easy to create as it is visually appealing. Keep your fruit toppings to just red and pink varieties for an even more holiday-ish presentation.

To make, just top a round of watermelon with whipped cream, strawberries, and blueberries or raspberries, then slice into pizza-shaped pieces.

Strawberry-Oatmeal Cookies

Add freeze-dried strawberries to oatmeal cookies for an unexpected touch that’s both lighter and holiday-appropriate.
Green Tea Cookies
These vibrant cookies pack some antioxidants into each bite, due to the key ingredient of matcha, a.k.a green tea powder.
Peanut Butter and Jelly Muffins
We can’t get enough of this classic flavor pairing. These mini muffins give you the perfect amount of healthy fats, whole grain, and a little drizzle of jelly for something sweet.

Dark Chocolate Popcorn Clusters
With only 113 calories per cup, this heart-healthy recipe makes for the perfect snack.

To make, melt ½ cup dark chocolate chips in the microwave, then stir in ½ tsp ground cinnamon + a pinch Kosher salt. In a large bowl, toss 8 cups air-popped popcorn + the melted chocolate to coat, then toss with ¼ cup toasted slivered almonds. Spread on a parchment-lined baking sheet and refrigerate until firm, at least 30 minutes. Break into clusters.

Cinnamon Popcorn
Sprinkle 2 Tsp ground cinnamon on four cups of air-popped popcorn for a low-calorie sweet treat.

Frozen Tropical Fruit Kebabs
These kebabs, made of frozen mango and pineapple drizzled with white chocolate, make for one sweet treat.

Chocolate–Pistachio Orange Slices
This simple yet decadent three-ingredient dessert is guaranteed to impress your Valentine.

Blueberry Compote
This vibrant blueberry compote makes a dreamy holiday topping on yogurt, frozen yogurt, or lightened-up ice cream for a healthier spin on brunch or dessert.

Berry Beet Smoothie
Treat yourself and your sweetheart to loads of antioxidants all wrapped up in a stunning pink package for Valentine’s Day. This recipe gets its vibrant hue from cooked beets and frozen berries.

Ingredients (serves 2): 1/2 cup almond milk, 1/2 cup plain low-fat yogurt, 1 tsp honey, 1 cup mixed frozen berries, 1 cup freshly cooked beets, 3 to 5 ice cubes

Spiced Banana-Chocolate Muffins
For those who enjoy something sweet to start off their day, these spiced banana-chocolate muffins will keep you energized all day long by using a heavy mixture of banana, ginger, and chia seeds.

Chocolate Covered Watermelon
These tasty watermelon slices are easy to make — and even easier to eat.

Fudgy Paleo Brownies
Chocolate is always a good idea in our minds, but with this recipe, it actually is! The recipe swaps out traditional ingredients for things like almond flour, coconut sugar, honey, almond butter, and olive oil to cut down on starchy carbs and healthier fats. Don’t forget the sea salt on top!

Strawberry-Yogurt Swirl Pops
Strawberries and vanilla yogurt pack these pretty and delicious frozen pops, each of which has just about 100 calories for a nutrition-packed and guilt-free holiday treat.

 

 

Reference: Womans Day

Written by: Omojo Emeje

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